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| Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| City of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
| From top: One thousand Mosque of Bandung, De Vries edifice | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
| Nicknames: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) | |
| Motto(s): Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |
 | |
| Bandung Location in Coffee and Republic of indonesia Prove map of Coffee Bandung Bandung (Indonesia) Prove map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates: 6°54′43″Southward 107°36′35″E / 6.9120°Southward 107.6097°E / -6.9120; 107.6097 Coordinates: 6°54′43″S 107°36′35″E / 6.9120°S 107.6097°Due east / -half dozen.9120; 107.6097 | |
| State |  Republic of indonesia |
| Province |  West Java |
| Founded | 25 September 1810[1] |
| Incorporated (equally gemeente) | one April 1906[1] |
| Administrative division | 30 districts 153 urban villages |
| Government | |
| • Torso | Bandung Metropolis Government |
| • Mayor | Yana Mulyana |
| Area | |
| • Total | 167.31 km2 (64.sixty sq mi) |
| • Urban | 487 km2 (188 sq mi) |
| • Metro | ane,876.8 km2 (724.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 768 m (2,520 ft) |
| Population (2020 Census[2]) | |
| • Full | 2,444,160 (4th) |
| • Density | 14,609/km2 (37,840/sq mi) |
| • Urban [3] | 7,065,000 (second) |
| • Urban density | 14,507/km2 (37,570/sq mi) |
| • Metro [4] | 8,357,393 (2d) |
| • Metro density | iv,453/kmii (11,530/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite Orang/Warga Bandung (id) Urang/Wargi Bandung (su) |
| Demographics | |
| •Ethnic groups | Sundanese (native) Javanese Batak Minahasa Minangkabau Chinese Arab Korean Indian |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Western Indonesia Time/W.I.B) |
| Postcodes | 401xx, 402xx, 406xx |
| Surface area code | (+62) 22 |
| Registration plate | D |
| Nominal Gdp[5] | 2019 |
| - Total | Rp 289.3 trillion (tertiary) $ 20.4 billion $ 67.3 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp 115,382 thou (11th) $ eight,160 $ 26,820 (PPP) |
| - Growth |  6.0% |
| HDI (2019) | 0.816 (12th) Very High |
| Largest district by area | Gedebage – 9.58 foursquare kilometres (iii.70 sq mi) |
| Largest commune past population | Babakan Ciparay (147,388 – 2015 est) |
| Website | bandung.get.id |
Bandung (; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbandʊŋ]) is the upper-case letter city of the Indonesian province of Due west Coffee.[6] It has a population of two,444,160 inside its city limits, making it the fourth most populous metropolis in Republic of indonesia. Greater Bandung is the country's third-largest metropolitan expanse, with over eight million inhabitants.[7] [four] Located 768 metres (2,520 feet) above sea level, the highest bespeak in the North expanse with an altitude of 1,050 meters and the lowest in the South is 675 meters above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than virtually other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provides a natural defense arrangement, which was the primary reason for the Dutch Eastward Indies authorities'southward plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-twenty-four hour period Jakarta) to Bandung.
The Dutch first established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early on 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the metropolis to be nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/kmii (per square kilometre) metropolitan surface area with living space for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens accept been constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited, peculiarly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the urban center has encountered many problems (ranging from waste material disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), information technology all the same attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the urban center won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in Asean.[eight] The city is as well known equally a Smart City, leveraging technology to improve government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. Bandung is Indonesia's major applied science center.[nine] [10] The city is role of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, which it joined in 2015.[11]
The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara International Aerodrome (BDO) was completed in 2016. To improve infrastructure, the structure of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail was started in 2016 and was projected to be completed in 2021. This was to exist complemented by an indigenous type of Automated People Mover (APM) and Calorie-free Rail Transit (LRT).[12] [13] The new larger second airport, Bandung Kertajati International Airport (KJT), opened in June 2018, but in time for the 2018 Asian Games.
History [edit]
Gedung Merdeka (Independence Building) during the Asian-African Conference in 1955
The official proper noun of the metropolis during the colonial Dutch East Indies menstruum was Bandoeng. The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of Homo erectus species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung.[14] During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was constructed. In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor and conquistador of much of Europe, including the netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to improve the defensive systems of Java to protect against the British in India. Daendels built a road stretching approximately ane,000 km (620 mi) from the westward to the eastward coast of Java, passing through Bandung.[xv] [16] In 1810, the route was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Neat Post Route'), the present-twenty-four hours location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Primary Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a identify well-nigh a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the city square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the g mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical Sundanese orientation,[17] with the pendopo facing Tangkuban Perahu mount, which was believed to have a mystical ambient. In 1856, Bandung also became the uppercase of the Preanger Regencies Residency, which information technology would remain until 1925.
Glaze of Artillery of Bandung during Dutch Colonial era, adopted in 1925
In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed,[eighteen] boosting the low-cal manufacture in Bandung. Chinese flocked into the metropolis to help run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the railroad train station is still recognisable as the old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality), and and so twenty years later on, stadsgemeente (city municipality).
Beginning of time the early on 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government fabricated plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial regime commenced construction of military barracks, the building housing the colonial Department of Country-Endemic Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. Even so, this program was cut short by World War II, afterwards which the Dutch were not able to re-constitute their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence.
The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[xix] With its libation elevated landscape, surrounded past major plantations, Bandung became an sectional European resort expanse.[20] Wealthy plantation owners visited the urban center on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. Jalan Braga grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two fine art-deco manner hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.[18]
Afterwards Indonesian independence in 1945, Bandung was designated every bit the capital of West Java province. During the Indonesian National Revolution, some of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were near absent in Coffee at the end of World War II. To aid the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, the British took a military concord on Java's major cities, and the British military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern role of Bandung was deliberately fix alight as the combatants left; an consequence known as Bandung Lautan Api or the 'Bandung Sea of Fire'.[21]
In 1955, the first Asian-African Briefing, too known as the Bandung Briefing, was hosted in Bandung past President Sukarno and attended by the heads of states representing xx-nine independent countries from Asia and Africa.[22] The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the quondam Concordia Society building. The briefing announced x points of declaration for the promotion of world peace and opposition against colonialism and is known every bit the Declaration of Bandung. This was followed by a moving ridge of nationalism and decolonisation movements effectually the earth which remapped world politics.[23] The conference was too the first international conference of people of colour in history.[24] In his book The Color Mantle, Richard Wright claims that there was an epic pregnant to the briefing for people of color around the earth.[24]
In 1987, the city purlieus was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (Bandung Raya) plan, with the relocation of college concentration development zones outside the city in an attempt to dilute population density in the old city. During this development, the city core was often uprooted, with old buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with humming chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.[20]
In 2005, an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, attended past earth leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Government minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo.[25]
Geography [edit]
Bandung Basin viewed from Gunung Batu in the north, Mountain Malabar can be seen in the distance.
Bandung, the majuscule of W Java province, is located most 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta. Its acme is 768 metres (2,520 ft) in a higher place sea level and is surrounded past up to ii,400 metres (7,900 anxiety) high Tardily 3rd and Quaternary volcanic terrain.[26] The 400 km2 apartment of cardinal Bandung plainly is situated in the eye of 2,340.88 square kilometres (903.82 sq mi) broad of the Bandung Bowl; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi metropolis, part of Bandung Regency, office of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency.[27] The bowl's master river is the Citarum; ane of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from northward to due south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for beverage h2o, irrigation, and fisheries, with its 6,147 million mthree (217.1 billion cu ft) of groundwater existence a significant reservoir for the urban center.[27] The northern department of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-downwards boat') tin can be seen from the city to the northward. Long-term volcanic action has created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco, and coffee plantations. In the southward and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.
Tea plantations in Ciwidey
Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known every bit Mount Sunda, erected upwardly to 3,000–iv,000 metres (9,800–13,100 feet) during the Pleistocene historic period.[28] Two large-scale eruptions took place; the start formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".[29] The lake tuckered away; for reasons which are the discipline of ongoing debate amidst geologists.[thirty] [31]
Climate [edit]
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate (Am) co-ordinate to Köppen climate classification equally the driest month precipitation total is below lx millimetres (two.4 in), bordering with subtropical highland climate (Cfb). The wettest calendar month is February, with a atmospheric precipitation full of 255.0 millimetres (10.04 in), while the driest month is September, with a atmospheric precipitation full of 50.0 millimetres (one.97 in). The boilerplate temperature throughout the yr tends to be cooler than virtually cities in Indonesia due to the altitude influence. The average temperature throughout the twelvemonth only has little variation due to its location virtually the equator.
| Climate data for Husein Sastranegara International Drome, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia (temperature: 1972-1994, atmospheric precipitation: 1957-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | April | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Tape high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.2 (xc.0) | 30.6 (87.ane) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 34.iv (93.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 31.one (88.0) | 34.4 (93.9) |
| Boilerplate high °C (°F) | 27.two (81.0) | 26.vii (80.1) | 27.ii (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.three (82.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.nine (84.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.ii (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.6 (74.v) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.five (72.5) | 22.eight (73.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.half-dozen (74.five) | 23.three (73.nine) | 23.three (73.9) | 23.ii (73.viii) |
| Average low °C (°F) | xix.4 (66.9) | xix.iv (66.nine) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.nine (66.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.ii (63.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.iii (64.9) | xviii.9 (66.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.6 (65.five) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.6 (threescore.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.ix (57.0) | xi.7 (53.i) | 11.one (52.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.seven (53.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 12.eight (55.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Average atmospheric precipitation mm (inches) | 240.0 (9.45) | 255.0 (x.04) | 239.0 (9.41) | 143.0 (5.63) | 116.1 (4.57) | 102.one (4.02) | 69.i (2.72) | 56.9 (two.24) | l.0 (1.97) | 151.one (5.95) | 200.9 (7.91) | 215.1 (8.47) | 1,838.three (72.38) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[32] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bandung, Indonesia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | October | Nov | December | Year |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155 | 168 | 186 | 210 | 217 | 240 | 248 | 248 | 210 | 217 | 180 | 186 | 2,465 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 5.0 | 6.0 | half dozen.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | eight.0 | eight.0 | 7.0 | seven.0 | 6.0 | vi.0 | 6.8 |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 12.v | 12.3 | 12.i | 12.0 | 11.8 | xi.7 | 11.8 | eleven.9 | 12.i | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.i |
| Percent possible sunshine | 40 | 49 | 50 | 58 | 59 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 56 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | eleven | ten | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Source: Weather Atlas [33] | |||||||||||||
Environmental problems [edit]
The north of the city serves equally a water reservoir for Bandung. However, the area has seen substantial residential evolution. Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung'south south likewise presents a real and unsafe ongoing problem.[34]
From mid-2005, Bandung faced some other environmental disaster when the metropolis'southward landfill site was reevaluated after a garbage slide 2005 which cached a village, Kampung Gajah, below it, killing over a hundred people.[35] The aggregating of 8,000 g3/d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage outcome.[36] [37] Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 equally the to the lowest degree polluted metropolis in the country.[38] [39] Further, a regional award in 2017 was besides given from ASEAN for the cleanest air among other major cities in Association of southeast asian nations countries.[40]
Administrative divisions [edit]
Villages (kelurahan) of Bandung, with all villages in the aforementioned district (kecamatan) having the same colour
City Subregions of Bandung
| Arcamanik Bojonagara Cibeunying | Gedébagé Karéés Kordon | Tegalega Ujungberung |
The metropolis expanse in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (vii.42 square miles), and by 1987, information technology had expanded to 167.2965 kmii.[41] The city administration is divided into xxx districts (kecamatan) and 153 villages (kelurahan). For evolution purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-metropolis regions.[42] The sub-city regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) - Oded Muhammad Danial 2018 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, urban center residents have direct voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected by the city council - the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), which has 50 members. Every bit of 2003, the full number of urban center administration personnel was 20,163.[41] [43]
Bandung City is divided into 30 districts[44] (kecamatan), listed below with their populations at the 2010 Census:[45]
|
|
Economy [edit]
The city's economic system is mainly built upon tourism, business, creative industry, loftier-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, technology, retail services, financial services, pharmaceutical companies, and food production.[25] The in one case placidity residential district of Dago has get an important business and entertainment centre with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early on 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a pop habiliment store location and remains so today.
Artistic culture has shaped specific parts of the city'due south economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell not-trademarked products made past local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie characterization records, magazines, fashion products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young people and altitude themselves from factory outlets in terms of philosophy. They arise from individual designers and immature entrepreneurs, while manufacturing plant outlet products more often than not come up from large-scale garment factories.[46]
The urban center administration has agreed to substantially develop seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung speciality products.[47] These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center, Cigondewah Textile Trade Centre, Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center, Suci (T and Ellipsoidal) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Middle, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Middle.
Demographics [edit]
In 2005, the population of Bandung was 2.2 million people with a density of 13,693/km2 (35,465/sq mi).[48] The May 2010 census enumerated 2.39 million people.[49] Based on data from Statistics Indonesia, the population of Bandung in May 2020 was ii.44 million,[fifty] making Bandung the fourth near populous city in Indonesia.
| Year | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | ii,290,464 | 2,394,873 | 2,444,160 |
| Population density (per kmtwo) | thirteen,660 | xiv,283 | 14,609 |
The bulk of Bandung'south population is of Sundanese descent. Javanese are the virtually significant minority and more often than not come from the central and the eastern parts of Java. Other minorities include Minang, Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malay, Korean, Indian, and Japanese. Bandung besides possesses significant international communities compared with other Indonesian cities.
Civilisation [edit]
Bandung is a meaning cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are ethnically Sundanese, with Sundanese oft spoken as a offset language, and the standard and informal language for advice in streets, schoolhouse, work, and markets. Every bit in the residuum of the land, standard Indonesian serves equally the lingua franca and main language of government, business, media, and formal education.
Architecture [edit]
Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial compages, most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Manner. Henri Maclaine Pont was amid the first Dutch architects to recognise the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that modern architecture should collaborate with local history and native elements.[51] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the present-twenty-four hour period Bandung Institute of Technology). He was named a Professor of Compages at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof mode is seen adorning the height of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork.[51]
In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Regime Companies) in line with the colonial government'south plan to motion the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known as Gedung Sate, named afterwards the distinguished pocket-size satay-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used equally the head office of the West Java provincial regime and Firm of Representatives. The edifice is an example of a harmonious mixture betwixt Westward and E architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance style of arch structures in the wings and pendopo-similar structures normally found in Java in the eye section.
Several Dutch architects who shaped the urban center landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the streamline moderne fashion to the Fine art Deco by designing the DENIS banking concern (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).[51]
Though Bandung is known for its many old Dutch architecture buildings, the metropolis is recently going through a high-rise building boom. There are more than 100 high rise buildings in the city, and many more are under construction or planned.[52] The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and higher up 300 ft (91 k).
| Name | Floors | Height m | Year | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soetta Sky Park | xl | 162 | 2021 | The tallest building project, topping off 2020[53] |
| Galeri Cimbuleuit 2 | 36 | 141 | 2014 | At present the tallest edifice in Bandung[53] |
| Parahyangan Residences A | 35 | 150 | 2016 | [54] |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment A | 32 | 121 | 2016 | [55] |
| Tamansari Panoramic Apartment | xxx | 115 | 2014 | [56] |
| Ibis Hotel Bandung | 24 | 111 | 2011 | |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Flat B | 30 | 110 | 2016 | |
| Harris Hotel Ciumbuleuit | 28 | 110 | 2014 | |
| Crowne Plaza Hotel | 21 | 109 | 2014 | |
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit 3 | 30 | 106 | 2016 | |
| The Trans Luxury Hotel | 20 | 102 | 2012 | |
| Newton Hybrid Park III | 26 | 102 | 2017 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment I | 25 | 100 | 2013 | [57] |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment II | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment Three | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment Four | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| Grand Asia Afrika Residence A | 24 | 100 | 2016 | [58] |
| M Asia Afrika Residence B | 24 | 100 | 2016 | |
| Gateway Apartment A | 23 | 91 | 2013 | |
| Gateway Apartment B | 23 | 91 | 2012 | |
| Sudirman Suites Flat | 22 | |||
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit | 22 | 2005 |
Panoramic view of central Bandung
Tourism [edit]
Bandung is a pop weekend destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation surface area, variety of food, less expensive manner shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the city.[59] Bandung is also a popular shopping destination due to the cheap fabric and mode products, especially for Malaysian and Singaporean tourists.[lx]
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The metropolis attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wares, as they are cheaper than branded items.[61] Abreast Jalan Cihampelas, many mill outlets too opened at Jalan Riau, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan Djuanda (known equally Dago). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed every bit sisa export (rejected or over-produced consign quality items).[62] Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung.
Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the north, the Kawah Putih volcano lake, and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded past tea plantations nigh 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the s of the city.
To view the Bandung Basin conspicuously in its mount surround, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest surface area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West Manglayang Mount in an expanse known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the due north. The wood is located in ane,500 metres (4,900 feet) in a higher place sea level and is covered with pine copse managed by a government corporation Perhutani and can be accessed with 30 minutes bulldoze from downtown.[63] [64] Visitors going to the north of the urban center also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. The Cicaheum expanse also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a behemothic star called Puncak Bintang. Bandung has several museums that should exist visited by tourists, such as the Geological Museum of Bandung, the Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and the Asian-African Conference Museum.[ citation needed ] The metropolis government operates Bandros, a tourist omnibus, since 2014.[65]
Floating market where local foods, snacks and items like clothing are carried by sellers on boats.
Sports [edit]
Bandung is the dwelling of Persib Bandung, a professional football order currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football, the Liga 1. Bandung is also dwelling of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball club currently competes in the Indonesian Basketball League, with its abode games in the GOR Citra Loonshit. The roads leading upwardly to Lembang and Dago are popular routes for mountain cycling on weekends, as Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda is zoned as car-free on Sunday mornings.[66]
Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton and golf, with several golf game courses surrounding the urban center.
Media [edit]
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia, and Tribun Jabar. Several local telly stations operate in Bandung, including TVRI Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving Westward Java, which headquartered in the city), Bandung Television receiver, MQTV and PJTV. Many radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, likewise broadcast from Bandung.
The city of Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the American reality series The Amazing Race 23.
Transport [edit]
Route [edit]
Bandung tin exist accessed by highways from Djakarta. An intercity toll highway called Cipularang Price Road, connecting Dki jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005 and is the fastest mode to attain Bandung from the majuscule by road. Driving time is virtually one.v hours on average. There are three other options: the Puncak route (Djakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta road (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From cities farther east (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Java province), Bandung tin can exist accessed through the primary provincial road. Indonesian National Route three links Bandung with the rest of Java towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati Span was built to salve traffic congestion in the city for east–west transport. The 2.eight-kilometre (1.7 mi) cable-stayed bridge lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is 30 to 60 metres (98 to 197 anxiety) wide and, afterward extensive delays, it was finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from Kuwait.[67] The span is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-urban center highways plan.
Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the e. Both are at total capacity and are to be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the one-time terminals volition office equally inner-city terminals. The new terminal will exist located next to the Gedebage railway station near Gedebage container dry port.[68]
Local public and mass transportation [edit]
Trans Metro Pasundan corridor 3 bus stopping well-nigh the City Hall
Taxis and Online ship are widely bachelor. The primary means of public transportation is by angkot minibuses (from angkutan, "transportation" and kota, "city"); angkot are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the city, and although cheap, they are considered basic and uncomfortable.[69] To find exact angkot routes, passengers may look for information available through the drivers or at terminals.
Due to the electric current extent of railway lines in Bandung, but two named regional railway services, Lokal Bandung Raya and Lokal Garut Cibatuan, are serving the city, serving a unmarried line. Information technology catered for the suburban areas due east and west of the city such as Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka, as well as some other neighbouring towns such as Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Commuter took over the operations of both services from its female parent visitor KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry building of Transport.[70]
Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban area are operated by diverse operators, with a total 16 charabanc lines currently operating. DAMRI buses used to dominate as the main bus operator serving the city and its surrounding metropolitan expanse, starting time operating in the 1970s, with at some indicate operating more than than ten routes. Withal, it complanate in October 2021, leaving five routes still operating.[71] [72] Following the example of TransJakarta, the city government introduced its own BRT organization called Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. By 2022 it served 5 torso corridors and one feeder routes.[73] Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses like to TransJakarta, merely could exist stopped anywhere along its route and do not run separately from traffic. Provincial government of West Java also operates a autobus road called every bit Safe and Healthy Bus Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving only a single line.[74] As office of nationwide autobus services modernisation programme called as Teman Motorbus, a more disciplined system branded equally Trans Metro Pasundan was introduced by central government's Ministry building of Transportation in Dec 2021. Two operators, Big Bird (part of Blue Bird Grouping) and DAMRI operated 5 routes inherited from former DAMRI routes under a contract with Ministry of Transport.[75] Introduction of new charabanc routes in Bandung often faced resistance from angkots and and so-called local patrons due to perception that their revenues beingness stolen, leading to blockades and exact threats against jitney drivers.[76] [77] Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay again when transiting to other BRT lines or to other modes such as trains.
A more comprehensive program to revitalise the bus organisation will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan projection. Information technology would integrate all operators within a single system called BRT Bandung Raya, with proper Passenger vehicle Rapid Transit features such as dedicated lanes, frequent bus availability and jitney stops.[78] The planned arrangement intended to apply electric powered buses, both imported and locally produced.[79]
Bandung city government likewise operated a fleet of city bout buses called as Bandung Tour on Autobus (shortened Bandros).
Boseh is a dock-based bicycle-sharing system provided past the Transport Service (Dinas Perhubungan) of Bandung.[80]
| System | Corridor No. | Origin and Destination | Type | Operational hours | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rail-based | |||||
| Bandung regional trains | B | Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka | Regional rail | 04.25-00.39 | Cash and Cashless: Rp. v.000,- |
| C | Purwakarta-Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka-Cibatu-Garut | ||||
| Bus lines | |||||
| Trans Metro Pasundan | K1D | Leuwi Panjang - Gading Tutuka (Soreang) (via Soroja Highway) | Bus rapid transit | 05.00-18.00 | Cashless: Rp. 0,- |
| K2D | Kota Baru Parahyangan - Alun-Alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) | 05.00-nineteen.30 | |||
| K3D | Baleendah - BEC | 04.30-20.00 | |||
| K4D | Leuwi Panjang - Dago | 05.00-xviii.00 | |||
| K5D | Dipatiukur - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | ||||
| Trans Metro Bandung | K1 | Cibiru - Cibeureum | City bus | 05.25-eighteen.xxx | Greenbacks: Rp. 4.000,- Rp. 2.000,- (students' rebate) |
| K2 | Cicaheum - Cibeureum | 05.25-eighteen.45 | |||
| K3 | Cicaheum - Sarijadi | Coach rapid transit | 05.25-19.00 | ||
| K4 | Antapani - Leuwi Panjang | City double-decker | 05.45-18.00 | ||
| K5 | Antapani - Stasiun Hall | 05.45-17.00 | |||
| K6F | Stasiun Hall - Gunung Batu | *TBA | |||
| DAMRI (Trans Bandung Raya) | D6A | Elang - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | Cash: Rp. 10.000,- | ||
| D8 | Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa | Cash: Rp. 5.000,- (Tanjungsari - Cibiru, Cibiru - Kebon Kalapa) Rp. 10.000,- (Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa) | |||
| D11 | Cibiru - Cicaheum - Leuwi Panjang | Greenbacks: Rp. 6.000,- | |||
| DKBP | Alun-alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) - Kota Baru Parahyangan (via Pasteur Highway) | Greenbacks and Cashless: Rp. 10.000,- | |||
| Buratas | MJL | Leuwi Panjang - Majalaya | 06.00-14.00 (from Leuwi Panjang) 08.00-xvi.00 (from Majalaya) | Greenbacks: Rp. 5.000,- Rp. 0,- (seniors' rebate) | |
Air [edit]
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Aerodrome serves direct domestic flights to Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Banjarmasin, Makassar, and likewise international services to/from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The airdrome is located nigh the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground. The Kertajati International Airport in Majalengka Regency is built to replace the Husein Sastranegara Airport.[81] [82]
Railway [edit]
Bandung has two large railway stations, Bandung and Kiaracondong Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (only for freight service). Railway lines connect Bandung to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, and Cikampek to the westward, and Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta, and Solo to the e.
Current and future evolution [edit]
Thirty-two double-decker shelters for Trans Metro Bandung (similar to TransJakarta) forth Jalan Soekarno-Hatta were finished in Baronial 2011 at the price of Rp 13.1 billion ($ane.54 million). Xxx additional buses joined the existing functioning of ten buses after all the shelters were finished.[83]
In 2012, phase-one of Bandung electrical driver runway system was scheduled to exist built to connect Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung, and Cicalengka with 13 Trans Metro Bandung bus corridors to serve every bit feeders. Phase-2 will connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.[84] As of today the system is yet to build.
On 21 June 2011, Perum DAMRI launched 2 buses on the Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa especially for female passengers just with female person drivers.[85]
On 5 August 2011, Jusuf Kalla announced that he would like to build a monorail in Bandung with a value of Rp 4 trillion ($470 1000000).[86]
As of April 2012[update], a cable car project 'Bandung Skybridge' to connect Pasteur (Cihampelas) to Sabuga (Taman Sari) was said to exist 90% complete and pending legal authorisation to operate.[87] However, every bit of 2016[update], the project has still to be realised. To ease Cihampelas traffic congestion, the metropolis mayor, Ridwan Kamil inaugurated a skywalk for pedestrians merely from Cihampelas to Tamansari on 4 February 2017. The skywalk, named Teras Cihampelas, was built with a budget of Rp 45 billion.[88] Vehicles will be able to be parked at Tamansari.[89] The city has also appear an intention to build LRT (Calorie-free Rail Transit).
Bandung is planned to exist served by Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail via its terminus in Tegalluar, located east of the city in Bandung Regency. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither inside Bandung city middle nor the limits of Bandung metropolis. Instead, a feeder service will ply between Padalarang HSR station and the main Bandung station, using existing tracks.
Education [edit]
Bandung has nearly 50 college educational institutions and is among the most popular destinations for education in Republic of indonesia. At that place are hundreds of public and individual schools in the city and several state-funded and administered Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri) and Country High Schools (SMA Negeri). At least 16 universities—three of which are country-endemic—and 45 professional schools are scattered across the city. Instruction from social sciences and technology to tourism education can be found at i of these universities.
Amongst the universities located in Bandung include Bandung Institute of Engineering science (Institut Teknologi Bandung, ITB), Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran Academy), National Institute of Engineering (Indonesia) (Institut Teknologi Nasional), Parahyangan Cosmic University, Universitas Islam Bandung, (Bandung Islamic University), Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic Academy), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Republic of indonesia University of Education), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan Academy), Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Establish of Engineering), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Institute of Tourism), all beingness considered amid the best universities in their respective fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Indonesia'south oldest and most prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) Universitas Komputer Republic of indonesia (UNIKOM) is one of the first institutions of higher education established afterward Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education academy in the land. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best universities in the country in the fields of medicine, law, communication, and economics.
International schools are also available in the metropolis. They include the Bandung Alliance Intercultural School, Bandung Contained Schoolhouse, Bandung Japanese School, Bina Bangsa School Bandung, Bina Persada School, and Stamford School. In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the just observatory in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was absorbed as a role of the Department of Astronomy at the Bandung Institute of Engineering.
Notable schools [edit]
- Trinitas Senior High School (1963)
Notable people [edit]
Sis cities [edit]
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
-
Almaty, Republic of kazakhstan -
Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Deutschland[90] -
Cotabato City, Philippines -
Fort Worth, Texas, United states[91] -
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan -
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China -
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia - Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia[92] [93]
- Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
-
Namur, Kingdom of belgium[94] - Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia[95]
-
Suwon, Gyeonggi-exercise, South korea -
Udon Thani, Udon Thani Province, Thailand - Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandung.
-
Bandung travel guide from Wikivoyage - The official website of Bandung Government
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung,_West_Java
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